COMMENTS
v. 5.0 – 25 Feb. 2023 view/download PDF
Family ZOARCIDAE Eelpouts
61 genera/subgenera · 314 species
Subfamily LYCODINAE
Aiakas Gosztonyi 1977 from the ancient Yamana (Tierra del Fuego Indian) word aiakasi, meaning “deep-sea fish,” alluding to its occurrence off Golfo San Jorge, Argentina, in Central Patagonia
Aiakas kreffti Gosztonyi 1977 in honor of ichthyologist Gerhard Krefft (1912-1993), Institute für Seefischerei (Hamburg), who “who kindly directed part of this research and made the critical review of the manuscript”
Aiakas zinorum Anderson & Gosztonyi 1991 –orum, commemorative suffix, plural: ZIN (short for ZIAN, Russian abbreviation for Zoological Institute, Academy of Sciences, USSR, in Russian; abbreviated ZIL elsewhere), honoring the ichthyologists there who study fishes of the Southern Ocean, who helped the senior author with many problems during his two visits, and who “graciously permitted” them to describe this species
Argentinolycus Matallanas & Corbella 2012 Argentina, the lone species known mainly from the Argentine Patagonia; lykos, Greek for wolf, root of Lycodes (type genus of subfamily), a commonly used suffix for Southern Hemisphere zoarcid genera
Argentinolycus elongatus (Smitt 1898) elongate, proposed as an elongate form or subspecies of Phucocoetes variegatus (=Iluocoetes fimbriatus)
Austrolycus Regan 1913 austro-, south, a Southern Hemisphere genus related to lykos, Greek for wolf, root of Lycodes, a Northern Hemisphere genus
Austrolycus depressiceps Regan 1913 depressus, pressed down; ceps, head, referring to depressed head
Austrolycus laticinctus (Berg 1895) latus, wide; cinctus, band or girdle, referring to series of pale bands on brownish body along upper parts of sides, continued on to the dorsal fin
Bellingshausenia Matallanas 2009 –ia, belonging to: Bellingshausen Sea, Southern Ocean, type locality
Bellingshausenia olasoi Matallanas 2009 in honor of Ignacio Olaso, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, an “expert” in the feeding ecology of fishes and a “good friend”
Bentartia Matallanas 2010 –ia, belonging to: named after BENTART, the Antarctic Spanish expeditions during which holotype of B. cinerea was collected
Bentartia cinerea Matallanas 2010 ash-colored, referring to its uniform ash color in alcohol
Bentartia elongata (Garman 1899) elongate, referring to “more elongate form” compared with presumed congeners in Bothrocaropsis (=Bothrocara), its original genus
Bentartia nyx (Stevenson & Anderson 2005) Nyx, Greek goddess of night and darkness, referring to the “dark conditions prevalent in the deep waters and northern latitudes inhabited by this species, as well as the heavily pigmented lining of the mouth and visceral cavity”
Bentartia pusillum (Bean 1890) very small, allusion not explained, described at 15.75 cm; Jordan & Evermann 1898 say name means “weak,” perhaps referring to small teeth in jaws and on vomer and palatines
Bothrocara Bean 1890 bothros, pit or trench; kara, head, referring to large pores along jaws and extending back to opercle of B. mollis
Bothrocara brunneum (Bean 1890) brown, referring to body color
Bothrocara hollandi (Jordan & Hubbs 1925) in honor of zoologist-paleontologist William J. Holland (1848-1932), Director of the Carnegie Museum and editor of journal in which description appeared
Bothrocara molle Bean 1890 mollis, soft, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to what Bean believed was a toothless vomer and palate (described from a young specimen, in which teeth are obscure) and/or “Weak” teeth in the jaws
Bothrocara soldatovi (Schmidt 1950) patronym not identified but almost certainly in honor of ichthyologist Vladimir Konstantinovich Soldatov (1875-1941), Moscow Technical Institute of Fishing Industry and Fish Farming
Bothrocara zestum Jordan & Fowler 1902 soft-boiled, referring to “cavernous” head formed by “largely developed” mucous pores
Bothrocarina Suvorov 1935 –ina, belonging to: a group of zoarcids devoid of a ventral fin, including Bothrocara, Bothrocarichthys and Bothrocaropsis (the latter two genera now treated as junior synonyms of Bothrocara)
Bothrocarina microcephala (Schmidt 1938) micro-, small; cephalus, head, referring to small head with a blunt, rounded snout
Bothrocarina nigrocaudata Suvorov 1935 nigro-, black; caudata, tailed, referring to black caudal fin
Crossostomus Lahille 1908 crosso-, fringed; stomus, mouth, referring to fringes on mouth and lower jaw
Crossostomus chilensis (Regan 1913) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Cape Espíritu Santo, Tierra del Fuego, Chile, type locality
Crossostomus fasciatus (Lönnberg 1905) banded, referring to 5-6 whitish transverse bars on a dark-brown body
Dadyanos Whitley 1951 etymology not explained nor evident
Dadyanos insignis (Steindachner 1898) conspicuous, allusion not explained, possibly referring to color pattern, described as pale red-violet above, transitioning to white below, with a broad wide band across the nape and dark-brown spots on sides; Gosztonyi (1977) calls it “one of the most brightly coloured species in South American waters”
Derepodichthys Gilbert 1896 dere, neck or throat, and pous, foot, referring to ventral fin reduced to a slender, unbranched filament, springing from a common projecting base located far forward, below eye; ichthys, fish
Derepodichthys alepidotus Gilbert 1896 a-, not; lepidotus, scaly, referring to scaleless body (also lacking a lateral line)
Dieidolycus Anderson 1988 dieides, transparent, referring to gelatinous and transparent skin of D. leptodermatus; lykos, Greek for wolf, root of Lycodes (type genus of subfamily), a commonly used suffix for Southern Hemisphere zoarcid genera
Dieidolycus adocetus Anderson 1994 Greek for unexpected or surprising, referring to its capture in the central Indo-West Pacific region, a rare tropical occurrence for a family primarily found in cold waters of high latitudes (however, temperatures at great depths in tropical waters are within the realm of temperatures found in other areas that zoarcids inhabit)
Dieidolycus gosztonyii Anderson & Pequeño 1998 in honor of friend and colleague Atila Esteban Gosztonyi, Centro Nacional Patagonico (Puerto Madryn, Argentina), for his contributions to temperate South American ichthyology, especially his “pioneering work” on the Zoarcidae
Dieidolycus leptodermatus Anderson 1988 leptos, fine or thin; dermatus, skinned, presumably referring to its transparent skin, with the underlying musculature, bone and fin rays easily seen
Eucryphycus Anderson 1988 eu-, well, and cryptos, hidden, i.e., well hidden; phycos, seaweed, referring to its habit of hiding in drifting seaweed
Eucryphycus californicus (Starks & Mann 1911) –icus, belonging to: endemic to the Pacific coast of California (USA)
Exechodontes DeWitt 1977 exeches, projecting; odontos, teeth, referring to outer teeth of lower jaw projecting outward
Exechodontes daidaleus DeWitt 1977 Greek for dappled or spotted, referring to large, scattered brown melanophores, especially over ventral ⅔ of body, and/or small- to medium-sized, irregularly shaped and placed brown spots on upper half of body
Gosztonyia Matallanas 2009 –ia, belonging to: Atila Esteban Gosztonyi, Centro Nacional Patagonico (Puerto Madryn, Argentina), for his “great” contributions to the systematics of South American Zoarcidae, including the descriptions of several new genera and species
Gosztonyia antarctica Matallanas 2009 named for the type locality (Bellingshausen Sea) in Antarctic waters
Hadropogonichthys Fedorov 1982 hadros, large or well-developed, and pogonias, bearded, referring to considerable development of coriaceous barbellate appendages on head of H. lindbergi
Hadropogonichthys leptopus Machida, Shinohara & Ohta 2004 leptos, thin; pous, foot, referring to short and slender pelvic fins
Hadropogonichthys lindbergi Fedorov 1982 in honor of Georgii Ustinovich Lindberg (1894-1976), Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, “outstanding expert” (translation) on fishes of the Russian Far East
Iluocoetes Jenyns 1842 ilyos, mud or ooze; koitos, place of rest or bed, referring to holotype of I. fimbriatus, collected by Charles Darwin “lurking under stones and weeds”
Iluocoetes facali Lloris & Rucabado 1987 in honor of Javier L. Facal, who helped promote a cooperation agreement between the two scientific research councils, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina) and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Spain), under which the authors’ research had been conducted
Iluocoetes fimbriatus Jenyns 1842 fringed, referring to “rows of tubipores on the cheeks”
Japonolycodes Shinohara, Sakurai & Machida 2002 Japon, derived from Japan, where J. abei is endemic; Lycodes, type genus of subfamily Lycodinae
Japonolycodes abei (Matsubara 1936) in honor of Genkiti Abe of Nisiura, Aiti Prefecture, Japan, who collected type
Japonolycodes magellanicus (Anderson 1988) –icus, belonging to: zoogeographic Magellan Province, where it appears to be endemic
Letholycus Anderson 1988 lethos, to forget, referring to its “distinctive, yet previously unobserved, anatomy” (e.g., reduction of its chain of suborbital bones); lykos, Greek for wolf, root of Lycodes (type genus of subfamily), a commonly used suffix for Southern Hemisphere zoarcid genera
Letholycus microphthalmus (Norman 1937) micro-, small; ophthalmus, eye, referring to smaller eye compared with Melanostigma gelatinosum, its presumed congener at the time
Leucogrammolycus Mincarone & Anderson 2008 leukos, white, and gramme, line, referring to white head and body striping; lykos, Greek for wolf, root of Lycodes (type genus of subfamily), a commonly used suffix for Southern Hemisphere zoarcid genera
Leucogrammolycus brychios Mincarone & Anderson 2008 Greek for “from the depths of the sea,” referring to its occurrence in the upper bathyal zone (490-632 m)
Lycenchelys Gill 1884 lyc-, referring to Lycodes; enchelys, Greek for eel, i.e., related to Lycodes but with a slender, eel-like form
Lycenchelys albeola Andriashev 1958 whitish, referring to lack of pigmentation, described as the “only white Pacific Lycenchelys” (translation)
Lycenchelys albomaculata Toyoshima 1983 albo-, white; maculatus, spotted, referring to white blotches on dorsal fin and dorsal half of body
Lycenchelys alba (Vaillant 1888) white, presumably referring to bluish-white body color in life and/or lines of “light indigo white” (translation) along bases of dorsal and ventral fins
Lycenchelys alta Toyoshima 1985 high, referring to its deep body, one of its diagnostic characters
Lycenchelys antarctica Regan 1913 referring to capture off South Orkney Islands at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, the genus then known only from north of the Equator
Lycenchelys aratrirostris Andriashev & Permitin 1968 aratrum, plow; rostris, snout, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to shape of face, with upper jaw protruding beyond lower
Lycenchelys argentina Marschoff, Torno & Tomo 1977 etymology not explained, possibly referring to Instituto Antártico Argentino, Direccion Nacional del Antartico, which sponsored expedition during which type was collected
Lycenchelys atacamensis Andriashev 1980 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Atacama Trench, also known as the Peru-Chile Trench, Eastern Pacific Ocean, only known area of occurrence
Lycenchelys aurantiaca Shinohara & Matsuura 1998 orange or reddish-yellow, referring to its body color
Lycenchelys bachmanni Gosztonyi 1977 in honor of entomologist Axel O. Bachmann (1927-2017), Buenos Aires University, who “very kindly” helped Gosztonyi in his “early days in the biological sciences”
Lycenchelys bellingshauseni Andriashev & Permitin 1968 presumably in honor of Fabian Gottlieb Thaddeus von Bellingshausen (1778-1852), Russian circumnavigator for whom Bellingshausen Sea is named (although this species does not occur there)
Lycenchelys birsteini Andriashev 1958 in honor of carcinologist Yakov (Jacob) A. Birstein (1911-1970), member of research vessel Vityaz cruise to Kuril-Kamchatka Trench (western North Pacific), during which type was collected
Lycenchelys bullisi Cohen 1964 in honor of marine biologist Harvey R. Bullis, Jr. (1924-1992), National Marine Fisheries Service, for contributions to the knowledge of the marine fauna of the tropical western Atlantic
Lycenchelys callista Anderson 1995 most beautiful, referring to the “author’s perception” of its physical appearance (e.g., dark cobalt-blue body color) compared with its congeners
Lycenchelys camchatica (Gilbert & Burke 1912) –ica, belonging to: east coast of Kamchatka, Russia, where type locality (off Avatcha Bay) is situated
Lycenchelys chauliodus Anderson 1995 Greek for “with prominent teeth,” referring to “large teeth in so small a specimen”
Lycenchelys cicatrifer (Garman 1899) cicatrix, scar; fero, to bear, referring to pores on face forming “large whitish excavations resembling scars”
Lycenchelys crotalina (Gilbert 1890) Crotalus, rattlesnake genus, i.e., Crotalus-like, referring to its “tumid” cheeks, like those of a rattlesnake [often spelled crotalinus; emended to agree with feminine gender of Lycenchelys]
Lycenchelys fedorovi Anderson & Balanov 2000 in honor of friend and colleague Vladimir Vladimirovich Fedorov (1939-2011), Zoological Institute (St. Petersburg, Russia), for his numerous contributions to the ichthyology of the North Pacific
Lycenchelys folletti Anderson 1995 in honor of Wilbur “Bill” I. Follett (1901-1992), late Curator of Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, “friend, inspiration and benefactor,” for his many contributions (1927-1990) to ichthyology, zoological nomenclature and archaeology
Lycenchelys hadrogeneia Anderson 1995 hadros, strong; geneia, chinned, referring to prominent, fleshy chin lobe
Lycenchelys hippopotamus Schmidt 1950 etymology not explained but probably referring to thick, fleshy lobe on snout that overhangs mouth which, when viewed head-on, resembles the face of a hippopotamus
Lycenchelys hureaui (Andriashev 1979) in honor of ichthyologist Jean-Claude Hureau (b. 1936), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris), for his contributions to the research of Antarctic fishes and those of Kerguelen Island (southeast of type locality), a French territory
Lycenchelys imamurai Anderson 2006 in honor of Hisashi Imamura, Hokkaido University Museum (Hakodate, Japan), for his many contributions to ichthyology and help during Anderson’s visit to Hakodate during 2005-2006
Lycenchelys incisa (Garman 1899) notched or cut into, presumably referring to bones with large mucous pores and cavities
Lycenchelys jordani (Evermann & Goldsborough 1907) in honor of David Starr Jordan (1851-1931), who studied the salmon fisheries of Alaska with Evermann in 1903, during which large collections of non-salmonids were collected, including this species
Lycenchelys kolthoffi Jensen 1904 in honor of Gustav Isak Kolthoff (1845-1913), Swedish zoologist and taxidermist, who led expedition during which type was collected
Lycenchelys lenzeni Thiel, Knebelsberger & Eidus 2018 in honor of Dieter Lenzen (b. 1947), President of Universität Hamburg and former President of Freie Universität Berlin, “one of the most cited and most influential educational theorists in Germany, in recognition of his outstanding support to the development of the research, educational and administrative facilities of the Center of Natural History”
Lycenchelys lonchoura Anderson 1995 lonchos, spear; oura, tail, referring to shape and “great length” of caudal fin
Lycenchelys maculata Toyoshima 1985 spotted, referring to dark spots or blotches on body
Lycenchelys makushok Fedorov & Andriashev 1993 in honor of ichthyologist Viktor Markelovich Makushok (1924-1993, sometimes spelled Makushek and Makushuk), Institute of Oceanology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, who collected type and was a “talented investigator of [Russian] Far East and deepwater fishes” (translation) [presumably a noun in apposition, without the patronymic “i”]
Lycenchelys maoriensis Andriashev & Fedorov 1986 –ensis, a suffix that usually connotes place but used here to honor the Maori people of New Zealand, emphasizing the “assumed endemism” of this species in the “bathyal zone of the New Zealand microcontinent” (translation)
Lycenchelys melanostomias Toyoshima 1983 etymology not explained, presumably melano-, black, and stomias, Greek for a large-mouthed animal but possibly and incorrectly used here to mean “stomach,” referring to completely black stomach
Lycenchelys micropora Andriashev 1955 micro-, small; pora, pores, referring to small pores around jaws and mouth
Lycenchelys monstrosa Anderson 1982 strange, referring to apparently “usual” lack of pelvic fins (except in one specimen) and “usual” lack of palatine teeth (except in one specimen); both characters are typically present in other Lycenchelys and are consistent within a species
Lycenchelys muraena (Collett 1878) ancient name for moray eels, referring to its slender, eel-like form
Lycenchelys nanospinata Anderson 1988 nanus, dwarf or very small; spinata, thorned or spined, referring to microscopic epidermal prickles covering head
Lycenchelys nigripalatum DeWitt & Hureau 1980 nigri-, black; palatum, roof of mouth, referring to black mucosa of the mouth
Lycenchelys novaezealandiae Anderson & Møller 2007 of New Zealand, where it occurs off both its east and west coast
Lycenchelys paxillus (Goode & Bean 1879) peg or small stake, presumably referring to its elongate body, “rounded throughout its entire length”
Lycenchelys pearcyi Anderson 1995 in honor of oceanographer William G. Pearcy, Oregon State University (Corvallis, Oregon, USA), for his many contributions to the biology of North Pacific fishes
Lycenchelys pentactina Anderson 1995 penta-, five; actina, rayed, referring to five branchiostegal rays
Lycenchelys pequenoi Anderson 1995 in honor of German Pequeno Reyes (b. 1941), Instituto de Zoologia, Universidad Austral de Chile (Valdivia), for his many contributions to the ichthyology of the Southern Hemisphere
Lycenchelys peruana Anderson 1995 Peruvian, described from off Trujillo, Peru, only known area of occurrence
Lycenchelys platyrhina (Jensen 1902) platy, broad; rhinos, snout, allusion not explained, possibly referring to blunt, broadly rounded snout
Lycenchelys plicifera Andriashev 1955 plico, fold; fera, to bear, referring to white abdominal fold on abdomen
Lycenchelys polyodon Anderson & Møller 2007 poly, many; odon, tooth, referring to greater number of palatal teeth compared with all congeners of the same size
Lycenchelys porifer (Gilbert 1890) porus, pore; fero, to bear, referring to two series of large and “very conspicuous” elongate pores on head
Lycenchelys rassi Andriashev 1955 in honor of ichthyologist Teodor Saulovich Rass (1904-2001), who collected and donated to the Russian Academy of Sciences’ collections of Russian Far Eastern fishes
Lycenchelys ratmanovi Andriashev 1955 in honor of oceanographer Georgy Efimovich Ratmanov (1900-1940), mentor and leader of many eastern expeditions to the Russian Far East, studying the currents of Arctic waters (he died, along with all crewmembers, when their ship sank during a storm on the Bering Sea)
Lycenchelys remissaria Fedorov 1995 Latin for shifted, referring to ventral-fin base, which is shifted far anteriorly compared with bathyal and abyssal congeners
Lycenchelys rosea Toyoshima 1985 rosy, referring to dull-red or reddish body coloration
Lycenchelys ryukyuensis Shinohara & Anderson 2007 –ensis, suffix denoting place: near Ryukyu Islands, Japan, East China Sea, where type locality (Okinawa Trough) is situated
Lycenchelys sarsii (Collett 1871) in honor of Norwegian biologist (and Collett’s friend) Georg Ossian Sars (1837-1927), who collected type
Lycenchelys scaura (Garman 1899) club-footed, referring to club-shaped ventral fins [often spelled scaurus; emended to agree with feminine gender of Lycenchelys]
Lycenchelys squamosa Toyoshima 1983 scaly, referring to scaled pectoral fins
Lycenchelys tohokuensis Anderson & Imamura 2002 –ensis, suffix denoting place: referring to both the Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute and the Tohoku coast of northern Honshu Island, Japan, where it was first collected in 1997
Lycenchelys tristichodon DeWitt & Hureau 1980 tristichus, of three rows; odon, tooth, referring to palatines with three rows of teeth
Lycenchelys uschakovi Andriashev 1958 in honor of oceanographer, hydrobiologist and polychaete taxonomist Pavel Vladimirovich Ushakov (1903-1992), member of the research vessel Vityaz cruise to Kuril-Kamchatka Trench (western North Pacific), during which type was collected
Lycenchelys verrillii (Goode & Bean 1877) in honor of marine biologist Addison E. Verrill (1839-1926), Yale University (New Haven, Connecticut, USA), “who has been in charge of the invertebrate work of the U.S. Fish Commission since its organization”
Lycenchelys vitiazi Andriashev 1955 in honor of the research vessel Vitiaz (also spelled Vityaz), from which the “richest collections of [Russian] Far Eastern fishes were sampled” (translation) from 1948-1955, including several new species of Lycenchelys (including but not limited to micropora, plicifera, rassi, volki, and this one)
Lycenchelys volki Andriashev 1955 in honor of Alexander Maksimovich Volk (d. 1943), Pacific Scientific-Research Institute of Fisheries, a “talented student” (translation) of Russian Far Eastern seas; he was killed in action during the Battle of Kursk in WW2
Lycenchelys wilkesi Anderson 1988 in honor of Capt. Charles Wilkes (1798-1877), “intrepid” Antarctic explorer and leader of the first United States Exploring Expedition (1838-1842)
Lycenchelys xanthoptera Anderson 1991 xanthos, yellow; pteron, fin, referring to its “conspicuous” yellow pectoral fins
Lycodapus Gilbert 1890 lykos, Greek for wolf, root of Lycodes (type genus of subfamily); a-, without, and pous, foot, referring to absence of pelvic fins
Lycodapus antarcticus Tomo 1982 –icus, belonging to: Antarctica, referring to its occurrence in the Southern Ocean
Lycodapus australis Norman 1937 southern, the first member of the genus known from the Southern Hemisphere
Lycodapus derjugini Andriashev 1935 in honor of Konstantin Michailovich Derjugin (1878-1938), oceanographer and marine zoologist, Leningrad State University, a “worthy investigator of the Soviet Union Seas”
Lycodapus dermatinus Gilbert 1896 skinny (i.e., with lots of skin), referring to head, body and fins covered with a “thick, loose” skin
Lycodapus endemoscotus Peden & Anderson 1978 endemos, living in; skotos, darkness, an “inhabitant of the gloomy depths” (933-2225 m)
Lycodapus fierasfer Gilbert 1890 Fierasfer (=Carapus, Ophidiiformes: Carapidae), a fish of similar color, derived from a Greek word meaning “sleek and shining,” presumably referring to their similar color and shape
Lycodapus imperatorius Prokofiev, Balanov, Emelianova, Orlov & Orlova 2022 Latin for of or belonging to a general (or in this case, emperor), named for the Emperor Seamount Chain, North Pacific Ocean, type locality
Lycodapus leptus Peden & Anderson 1981 Greek for narrow, referring to “emaciated look of most specimens”
Lycodapus mandibularis Gilbert 1915 of the jaw, referring to lower jaw, described as “massive, deep, the symphysis slightly protruding” (Peden & Anderson 2008 state name refers to “large teeth of some specimens” but Gilbert was almost certainly referring to the mandible)
Lycodapus microchir Schmidt 1950 micro-, small; cheiros, hand, referring to much shorter pectoral fin compared with the similar L. fierasfer
Lycodapus pachysoma Peden & Anderson 1978 pachys, thick; soma, body, referring to its robust body
Lycodapus parviceps Gilbert 1896 parvus, small; ceps, head, referring to “much smaller” head compared with the similar L. extensus (described in the same publication, now a nomen dubium)
Lycodapus poecilus Peden & Anderson 1981 various (authors say “many sided”), referring to “changeable appearance of young or mature fish and specimens captured from different localities”
Lycodapus psarostomatus Peden & Anderson 1981 psaros, speckled; stomatus, mouthed, referring to large melanophores scattered on roof of mouth
Lycodes Reinhardt 1831 –oides, having the form of: lykos, Greek for wolf, referring (per Reinhardt 1837) to some similarity (especially the teeth), and presumed close relationship, with the “Sea Wolf,” Anarhichas lupus (Anarhichadidae)
Subgenus Lycodes
Lycodes adolfi Nielsen & Fosså 1993 in honor of Adolf S. Jensen (1866-1953), a specialist in Arctic fishes, who worked at the Zoological Museum in Copenhagen (where the senior author works); his numerous publications appeared from 1894 almost to his death
Lycodes agulhensis Andriashev 1959 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Agulhas Bank, South Africa, only known area of occurrence
Lycodes akuugun Stevenson & Orr 2006 Aleut name for the native inhabitants of the Islands of Four Mountains, a grouping in the central Aleutian Islands (Alaska, USA), only known area of occurrence
Lycodes albolineatus Andriashev 1955 albus, white; lineatus, lined, referring to 7-9 very narrow white bars on dorsal fin and extending onto body
Lycodes attenuatus Knipowitsch 1906 thin or tapered, the “most noticeable peculiarity of this species is the rapid decrease in height backwards” (translation)
Lycodes bathybius Schmidt 1950 bathys, deep; bios, life, captured at 591 m and described as having morphological traits that appear to be adaptations for life in deep water
Lycodes brashnikovi Soldatov 1918 in honor of Russian ichthyologist and fisheries chief Vladimir Konstantinovich Bražnikov (or Brashnikov, 1870-1921), “whose large collections contain also the young form of this species”
Lycodes brevicaudus Taranetz & Andriashev 1935 brevis, short; caudus, tail, allusion not explained, probably referring to shorter tail (i.e., posterior half body encompassed by congruent dorsal and anal fins) compared with congeners described in the same publication (jenseni, macrolepis, soldatovi)
Lycodes brevipes Bean 1890 brevis, short; pes, foot, referring to “minute” ventral fins, “scarcely more than one-third length of eye”
Lycodes brunneofasciatus Suvorov 1935 brunneus, brown; fasciatus, banded, referring to 10 dark brown, saddle-like bands on body and dorsal fin
Lycodes caudimaculatus Matsubara 1936 caudi-, tail; maculatus, spotted, referring to 2-3 irregular small black spots on white area of caudal fin
Lycodes concolor Gill & Townsend 1897 colored uniformly, referring to “nearly uniform” body color, “only relieved by the apparently lighter hue of the scales and the somewhat darker margins of the fins”
Lycodes cortezianus (Gilbert 1890) –anus, belonging to: Cortes (often spelled Cortez) Bank off San Diego, California (USA), type locality
Lycodes esmarkii Collett 1875 in honor of Norwegian zoologist Lauritz Martin Esmark (1806-1884), who first recognized this species as new but allowed Collett to describe it
Lycodes eudipleurostictus Jensen 1902 eudios, clear or fine; pleuro-, side; stictus, mark or spot, allusion not explained, possibly referring to 5-13 narrow, whitish or pale-yellow transverse bands on body passing onto dorsal fin and posteriorly onto anal fin
Lycodes fasciatus (Schmidt 1904) banded, referring to numerous light bands on body and dorsal fin, usually with some shaped as cogs pointed upward
Lycodes frigidus Collett 1879 cold, referring to its occurrence in water temperatures below 0°C
Lycodes fulvus Toyoshima 1985 brownish yellow, referring to color in alcohol
Lycodes gracilis Sars 1867 slender, referring to more slender and elongate body compared with known congeners at the time
Lycodes heinemanni Soldatov 1916 in honor of B. A. Heinemann, Inspector of Fisheries, who collected type from the steamer Commander Bering from the Okhotsk Sea
Lycodes japonicus Matsubara & Iwai 1951 Japanese, described from coast of Uozu, southeast of Toyama Bay, Japan (occurs in northwestern Pacific from Sea of Japan to Kuril Islands, Russia)
Lycodes jenseni Taranetz & Andriashev 1935 in honor of Adolf S. Jensen (1866-1953), who wrote a “fundamental” (translation) monograph on Lyconinae in 1904
Lycodes jugoricus Knipowitsch 1906 –icus, belonging to: Yugorsky (also spelled Jugorsky) Strait, a narrow sound between Kara Sea and Barents Sea, Novaya Zemlya, Russia, type locality
Lycodes knipowitschi Popov 1931 patronym not identified but almost certainly in honor of Nikolai Mikhailovich Knipowitsch (1862-1939, often spelled Knipovich in English), Russian oceanographer and zoologist, who led many scientific expeditions to the Russian Arctic
Lycodes lavalaei Vladykov & Tremblay 1936 in honor of Université Laval, a French-language university in Quebec, Canada, for making possible the study of the flora and fauna of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence
Lycodes luetkenii Collett 1880 in honor of Danish zoologist Christian Frederik Lütken (1827-1901), who allowed Collett to examine specimens of Lycodes at the Copenhagen Museum
Lycodes macrochir Schmidt 1937 macro-, large or long; cheiros, hand, referring to large, deeply emarginate pectoral fin
Lycodes macrolepis Taranetz & Andriashev 1935 macro-, large; lepis, scale, referring to larger scales compared with congeners in what the authors referred to as the L. palearis group
Lycodes marisalbi Knipowitsch 1906 maris, sea; albus, white, referring to White Sea, northwest coast of Russia, type locality
Lycodes matsubarai Toyoshima 1985 in honor of ichthyologist Kiyomatsu Matsubara (1907-1968), Kyoto University, for his contributions to zoarcid taxonomy
Lycodes mcallisteri Møller 2001 in honor of Donald E. McAllister (1934-2001), Curator of Fishes, National Museum of Canada, for his many contributions to Arctic ichthyology
Lycodes microlepidotus Schmidt 1950 micro-, small; lepidotus, scaled, referring to smaller, and therefore more numerous, scales compared with the similar L. ygreknotatus (described in the same publication)
Lycodes microporus Toyoshima 1983 micro-, small; porus, pores, referring to head with “very small” pores in nasal, infraorbital, interorbital, postorbital, preopercular, and mandibular canals
Lycodes mucosus Richardson 1855 slimy, referring to how it resembles Zoarces viviparus, “especially when both are enveloped in the thick mucus which they throw out copiously when dying”
Lycodes ocellatus Toyoshima 1985 with eye-like spots, referring to 4-5 black ocelli or blotches on sides
Lycodes paamiuti Møller 2001 named after R/V Paamiut, research vessel of the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources (Paamiut is also a town on the west coast of Greenland, from Paava or Paaq in Greenlandic language meaning “mouth” or “entrance,” thus Paamiut means ‘‘the people at the mouth,” e.g., of a river or fjord)
Lycodes paucilepidotus Toyoshima 1985 pauci-, few; lepidotus, scaled, referring to “weak development” of its scales (belly and area above pectoral fin completely scaleless)
Lycodes pacificus Collett 1879 referring to its occurrence in the Pacific Ocean (described from a museum specimen said to be from Japan but probably from Alaska)
Lycodes palearis Gilbert 1896 dewlap or wattle, presumably referring to “greater development of mandibular and labial folds” compared with L. brevipes
Lycodes pallidus Collett 1879 pale, referring to pale, yellow-gray body color, without markings (perhaps color in alcohol; living specimens are light to dark-brown with 6-11 white bars on body and dorsal fin)
Lycodes polaris (Sabine 1824) polar, described from North Georgia, Boothia Peninsula, Northwest Territories, Canada, collected during William Edward Parry’s 1819-1820 expedition to the “Polar Seas”
Lycodes raridens Taranetz & Andriashev 1937 rarus, thinly scattered; dens, teeth, referring to widely and unevenly spaced teeth
Lycodes reticulatus Reinhardt 1835 net-like or netted, referring to reticulate color pattern compared with banded pattern of L. vahlii, described in the same publication (note: color pattern is dependent on locality and size)
Lycodes rossi Malmgren 1865 in honor of Rear-Admiral James Clark Ross (1800-1862), who explored the Arctic and reported this species as Blennius (now Lycodes) polaris in his 1826 “Zoology of the Arctic regions”
Lycodes sagittarius McAllister 1976 Latin for archer, referring to “bow it carries in anterior portion of lateral line,” i.e., lateral line curves downward before or above anus and anal-fin origin creating a bow-like shape
Lycodes semenovi Popov 1931 patronym not identified but here is a likely candidate: in honor of Pyotr Pyotrovitch Semenov (1827–1914, also known as Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky), Russian statistician, geographer, entomologist, and Vice-President of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society
Lycodes seminudus Reinhardt 1837 semi-, half; nudus, bare or naked, referring to scales absent from nape, abdomen and fins
Lycodes sigmatoides Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975 –oides, having the form of: sigma (∑), 18th letter of Greek alphabet (“S” in Latin alphabet), referring to S-shaped spots on back, continuing on to dorsal fin
Lycodes soldatovi Taranetz & Andriashev 1935 in honor of ichthyologist Vladimir Konstantinovich Soldatov (1875-1941), Moscow Technical Institute of Fishing Industry and Fish Farming, who has “rendered great service to our science” (translation)
Lycodes squamiventer Jensen 1904 squamus, scale; venter, belly, proposed as a variety or subspecies of L. pallidus in which scales extend to belly
Lycodes tanakae Jordan & Thompson 1914 patronym not identified but almost certainly in honor of ichthyologist Shigeho Tanaka (1878-1974), Imperial University (Tokyo, Japan) [although named after a man, some classically trained zoologists latinized the names of individuals whose names ended with the letter “a” by adding an “e” to the spelling]
Lycodes terraenovae Collett 1896 of terra, land, and nova, new, referring to Newfoundland Banks (now known as the Grand Banks of Newfoundland), northwest Atlantic, type locality
Lycodes turneri Bean 1879 in honor of Lucien M. Turner (1848-1909), American naturalist and ethnologist, who collected type, and to whom the U. S. Museum of Natural History is “indebted for large and valuable additions to its collection from Alaska”
Lycodes uschakovi Popov 1931 patronym not identified but probably in honor of Pavel Vladimirovich Ushakov (1903-1992), oceanographer, hydrobiologist and polychaete taxonomist (see also Lycenchelys uschakovi)
Lycodes vahlii Reinhardt 1831 in honor of Dutch botanist-pharmacist Jens Laurentius Moestue Vahl (1796-1854), who donated his collection of Greenland plants (and some fishes) to Copenhagen University, where Reinhardt was Professor of Zoology
Lycodes ygreknotatus Schmidt 1950 y-, referring to letter; grek, presumably meaning Greek (as opposed to Cyrillic); notatus, marked, referring to Y-shaped markings on dorsal fin
Subgenus Furcimanus Jordan & Evermann 1898 furcus, forked; manus, hand, referring to forked pectoral fins of L. diapterus
Lycodes beringi Andriashev 1935 of Bering, referring to Bering Island, one of the Commander Islands, Bering Sea, type locality, and/or to Vitus Bering (1681-1741), Danish cartographer and explorer (in Russian service), for whom the islands and the sea are named (in fact, Bering and much of his crew died on Bering Island after their ship wrecked there)
Lycodes diapterus Gilbert 1892 dia-, divided; pterus, fin, referring to forked pectoral fins in both young and adults
Lycodes hubbsi Matsubara 1955 in honor of ichthyologist Carl L. Hubbs (1894-1979), who lent his Furcimanus specimens to Matsubara for examining the difference between Lycodes and Furcimanus; in addition, Hubbs was Matsubara’s mentor and friend from 1929 until his death in 1968 (in Matsubara’s obituary, Hubbs wrote, “I have always regarded him as one of my outstanding students, and he has publicly acknowledged me as his teacher”)
Lycodes nakamurae (Tanaka 1914) in honor of “Mr. Nakamura,” who collected type, possibly Japanese naturalist Masao Nakamura, for whom Chloea nakamurae (=Gymnogobius castaneus, Gobiiformes: Oxudercidae) was named in 1907 [although named after a man, some classically trained zoologists latinized the names of individuals whose names ended with the letter “a” by adding an “e” to the spelling]
Lycodes nishimurai Shinohara & Shirai 2005 in honor of the late Saburo Nishimura (1930-2001), Kyoto University (Kyoto, Japan), for his contributions to zoogeographic studies of the Sea of Japan
Lycodes pectoralis Toyoshima 1985 of the pectoral, referring to emarginate pectoral fins
Lycodichthys Pappenheim 1911 Lycodes, a Northern Hemisphere genus with similar shape and fins; ichthys, fish
Lycodichthys antarcticus Pappenheim 1911 an Antarctic species, occurring in the Southern Ocean
Lycodichthys dearborni (DeWitt 1962) in honor of John H. Dearborn (1933-2010), “fellow student and most pleasant companion in the field, who has continually collected antarctic fishes for the Division of Systematic Biology, Stanford [University], in addition to his regular studies” (he later became a professor of marine sciences at the University of Maine [USA], where DeWitt also taught)
Lycodonus Goode & Bean 1883 Lycodes, referring to resemblance in “nearly every particular” to that genus (except for structure of dorsal and anal fins; see L. mirabilis); –onus, a “meaningless change of termination” (per Jordan & Evermann 1898)
Lycodonus flagellicauda (Jensen 1902) flagellum, whip; cauda, tail, referring to “whip-shaped” (translation) caudal fin
Lycodonus malvinensis Gosztonyi 1981 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Malvinas Islands Archipelago, Western South Atlantic, near type locality
Lycodonus mirabilis Goode & Bean 1883 wonderful, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to “peculiar” structure of dorsal and anal fins, “supported laterally, each by a pair of sculptured ectodermal scutes or plates” (italics in original); Jordan & Evermann (1898) called it a “most remarkable little fish”
Lycodonus vermiformis Barnard 1927 vermis, worm; formis, shape, referring to “very slender” shape
Lycogrammoides Soldatov & Lindberg 1928 –oides, having the form of: closely allied to Lycogramma (=Bothrocara) but with upper jaw not produced, shorter lateral line, and body and head completely scaled
Lycogrammoides schmidti Soldatov & Lindberg 1928 in honor of ichthyologist Petr Yulievich Schmidt (1872-1949), “who has written largely on the fishes of the eastern seas of the [Soviet] Union”
Lyconema Gilbert 1896 lyco-, referring to Lycodes, similar to that genus, but the lower jaw covered with nema, thread, “a dense mass of slender filaments or barbels”
Lyconema barbatum Gilbert 1896 bearded, referring to “dense fringe of filaments” covering entire surface of lower jaw, extending to beyond angle of mouth
Maynea Cunningham 1871 –ea, belonging to: Cunningham’s friend Capt. Richard C. Mayne (1835-1892), commander of the survey expedition to the Straits of Magellan during which type of M. patagonica (=puncta) was collected, “as a slight acknowledgment of the ready kindness which he ever displayed in affording me opportunities for prosecuting my investigations during the three years in which I was associated with him” (Cunningham was the ship’s naturalist)
Maynea puncta (Jenyns 1842) pierced or pricked, referring to “whole body, but not the head, thickly studded all over with small pores, much crowded, and appearing like pin-holes”
Notolycodes Gosztonyi 1977 notos, south, i.e., a Southern Hemisphere genus similar to Lycodes, a Northern Hemisphere genus
Notolycodes schmidti Gosztonyi 1977 in honor of Ulrich Schmidt, former Director of the Institute für Seefischerei (Hamburg), who made Gosztonyi’s trips to Europe possible
Oidiphorus McAllister & Rees 1964 oidos, swelling; ophryos, eyebrow, referring to derma process above eye of O. brevis (“It was intended to name the genus after [J. R.] Norman [who described O. brevis in the genus Maynea but suggested it might need a new one], but there are now so many names honouring Norman that it is difficult to coin a new one.”)
Oidiphorus brevis (Norman 1937) short, referring to shorter body compared with Maynea patagonica (=puncta), its presumed congener at the time
Oidiphorus mcallisteri Anderson 1988 in honor of Donald E. McAllister (1934-2001), Curator of Fishes, National Museum of Canada, “friend and mentor,” for his contributions to zoarcid systematics (he co-proposed the genus in 1964)
Ophthalmolycus Regan 1913 ophthalmos, eye, referring to large eye of O. macrops; lykos, Greek for wolf, root of Lycodes (type genus of subfamily), a commonly used suffix for Southern Hemisphere zoarcid genera
Ophthalmolycus amberensis (Tomo, Marschoff & Torno 1977) –ensis, suffix denoting place: near Isla Amberes, Antarctic Peninsula, type locality (name does not refer to its color, described as amber, in Miller, 1993, History and Atlas of the Fishes of the Antarctic Ocean)
Ophthalmolycus andersoni Matallanas 2009 in honor of M. Eric Anderson, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, for his many contributions to the knowledge of zoarcids
Ophthalmolycus bothriocephalus (Pappenheim 1912) bothrios, pit; cephalus, headed, referring to “noticeably large” (translation) head pores
Ophthalmolycus campbellensis Andriashev & Fedorov 1986 –ensis, suffix denoting place: 72 km northeast of Campbell Island, subantarctic island of New Zealand, type locality
Ophthalmolycus chilensis Anderson 1992 –ensis, suffix denoting place: off Tocopilla, Chile, type locality
Ophthalmolycus conorhynchus (Garman 1899) conus, cone; rhynchus, snout, referring to “subconical” snout
Ophthalmolycus eastmani Matallanas 2011 in honor of Joseph T. Eastman (b. 1944), Ohio University (Athens, Ohio, USA), for his contributions to the knowledge of Antarctic fishes
Ophthalmolycus macrops (Günther 1880) macro-, long or large; ops, eye, referring to large eye, 2/7 of HL and longer than snout
Ophthalmolycus polylepis Matallanas 2011 poly, many; lepis, scale, referring to scales extending anteriorly to predorsal area, abdomen, pelvic-fin base, and pectoral-fin base and axil
Pachycara Zugmayer 1911 pachys, thick; kara, head, presumably referring to “large and round” (translation) head of P. obesum (=bulbiceps)
Pachycara alepidotum Anderson & Mincarone 2006 a-, not; lepidotum, covered with scales, referring to its lack of scales
Pachycara andersoni Møller 2003 in honor of M. Eric Anderson, J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology (now the South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity), for his many “great” contributions to the systematics of Zoarcidae, including a major revision of Pachycara
Pachycara angeloi Thiel, Knebelsberger, Kihara & Gerdes 2021 in honor of Ângelo Miguel de Oliveira Mendonca, husband of the third author
Pachycara arabica Møller 2003 –ica, belonging to: Arabian Sea, type locality
Pachycara brachycephalum (Pappenheim 1912) brachys, short; cephalus, headed, referring to its “noticeably short and blunt-snouted” (translation) head
Pachycara bulbiceps (Garman 1899) bulbus, a swelling; ceps, head, referring to head “swollen on the cheeks, rounded at the mouth”
Pachycara caribbaeum Anderson, Somerville & Copley 2016 “The specific name recognises the first records of the genus at deep-sea chemosynthetic environments in the Caribbean Sea.”
Pachycara cousinsi Møller & King 2007 in honor of Michael Cousins, the junior author’s “partner,” for his “unwavering support and enthusiasm” during her Ph.D. studies
Pachycara crassiceps (Roule 1916) crassus, thick; ceps, head, referring to “large and relatively short” head (translation), larger than that of Lycenchelys paxillus, its presumed congener at the time
Pachycara crossacanthum Anderson 1989 krosso, fringe; acanthus, spined, referring to furcate gill rakers
Pachycara dolichaulus Anderson 2006 dolichos, long; aulos, tube, referring to its “unusually” long nostril tube
Pachycara garricki Anderson 1990 in honor of J. A. F. (Jack) Garrick (1928-2018), formerly of the Victoria University of Wellington, for his “diverse” contributions to ichthyology, particularly of the New Zealand region
Pachycara goni Anderson 1991 in honor of Ofer Gon (b. 1949), J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology (now South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity), friend and colleague, for his contributions to the knowledge of cold-water marine fishes of the Southern Hemisphere
Pachycara gymninium Anderson & Peden 1988 gymnos, bare or naked; inion, nape, referring to scaleless head, compared with scaly head of P. lepinium, described in the same publication
Pachycara karenae Anderson 2012 in honor of “my inspiration and fellow marine biologist, my wife Karen Lona Anderson”
Pachycara lepinium Anderson & Peden 1988 lepis, scale; inion, nape, referring to scaly head, compared with scaleless head of P. gymninium, described in the same publication
Pachycara matallanasi Corbella & Møller 2014 in honor of Jesús Matallanas Garcia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, for his many contributions to the taxonomy of the family Zoarcidae
Pachycara mesoporum Anderson 1989 mesos, middle; porus, pored, referring to single, mesial pore in occipital canal
Pachycara microcephalum (Jensen 1902) micro-, small; cephalus, headed, just 17.3% of TL
Pachycara moelleri Shinohara 2012 in honor of Peter Rask Møller, Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, for his valuable contributions to the systematics of deep-sea eelpouts, including Pachycara
Pachycara nazca Anderson & Bluhm 1997 named for the Nazca tectonic plate, which comprises a large section of the earth’s crust in the abyssal southeastern Pacific Ocean, where type locality (Peru Basin) is situated
Pachycara pammelas Anderson 1989 pam-, all; melas, black, referring to uniformly black coloration in life (eyes blue)
Pachycara priedei Møller & King 2007 in honor of Imants George “Monty” Priede (b. 1948), Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen (Scotland), for “substantial” contributions to deep-sea scavenging fish biology and ecology via the use of baited photographic landers
Pachycara rimae Anderson 1989 of rima, Latin for fissure, referring to Galápagos Rift Zone, eastern Pacific, type locality
Pachycara saldanhai Biscoito & Almeida 2004 in honor of the late Luiz Saldanha (1937-1997), ichthyologist and oceanographer, a “very much missed friend and companion on land and sea expeditions,” for his “pioneering work in teaching marine biology in Portugal and his fine scientific career”
Pachycara shcherbachevi Anderson 1989 in honor of Yuri Nikolaevich Shcherbachev, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, “friend and colleague,” for his “pioneering” contributions to knowledge of the deep-sea fishes of the Indian Ocean”
Pachycara sulaki Anderson 1989 in honor of Kenneth J. Sulak, United States Geological Survey, “intrepid explorer of the great murky depths of the Atlantic Ocean,” for his many contributions to knowledge of the deep-sea fishes of this and adjacent region
Pachycara suspectum (Garman 1899) to suspect or be doubtful of, allusion not explained nor evident
Pachycara thermophilum Geistdoerfer 1994 thermos, heat; philo, to love, referring to its occurrence at the Snake Pit hydrothermal vent area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where water temperature reaches 20˚C
Patagolycus Matallanas & Corbella 2012 Patago-, from Patagonia, referring to its occurrence mainly in Patagonian waters; lykos, Greek for wolf, root of Lycodes (type genus of subfamily), a commonly used suffix for Southern Hemisphere zoarcid genera
Patagolycus melastomus Matallanas & Corbella 2012 melas, black or dark; stomus, mouthed, referring to color of orobranchial cavity
Petroschmidtia Taranetz & Andriashev 1934 –ia, belonging to: Petr Yulievich Schmidt (1872-1949), “our well-known ichthyologist,” for his research work on the fishes of the Russian Far East
Petroschmidtia albonotata Taranetz & Andriashev 1934 albus, white; notatus, marked, referring to dorsal fin with four or more white blotches extending onto body both in young and adults
Petroschmidtia schmidti (Gratzianov 1907) in honor of Soviet ichthyologist Petr Yulievich Schmidt (1872-1949), who mentioned but did not describe this species in 1904
Petroschmidtia teraoi (Katayama 1943) in honor of Dr. A. Terao, probably Arata Terao (1887-?), Director of the Zoological Laboratory, Imperial Fisheries Institute (Tokyo), whose “kindness extended to [Katayama] in various ways”
Petroschmidtia toyamensis Katayama 1941 –ensis, suffix denoting place: Toyama Bay, Japan, type locality (occurs in Sea of Japan and Sea of Okhotsk)
Phucocoetes Jenyns 1842 Fucus, genus of brown algae or seaweed; koitos, bed or resting place, referring to holotype of P. latitans caught by Charles Darwin “amongst kelp”
Phucocoetes latitans Jenyns 1842 to lie hidden, referring to its habitat hidden “amongst kelp”
Piedrabuenia Gosztonyi 1977 –ia, belonging to: Capt. Luis Piedrabuena (1833-1883), Argentine explorer of the southern regions of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, where P. ringueleti occurs
Piedrabuenia ringueleti Gosztonyi 1977 in honor of Raúl A. Ringuelet (1914-1982), La Plata University (La Plata, Argentina), who “very kindly directed part of this research and in many ways helped and encouraged the author and also suggested the new generic name Piedrabuenia”
Plesienchelys Anderson 1988 plesio-, primitive, referring to its primitive characters (e.g., few vertebrae); enchelys, Greek for eel, referring to its eel-like shape
Plesienchelys stehmanni (Gosztonyi 1977) in honor of Matthias Stehmann (b. 1943), Institut für Seefischerei (Hamburg), who not only collected half of the type material belonging to new taxa described by Gosztonyi in his 1977 paper, but also “offered his kindest hospitality during the author’s stay in Hamburg”
Pogonolycus Norman 1937 pogon, beard, referring to numerous small dermal tentacles on snout and lower jaw of P. elegans; lykos, Greek for wolf, root of Lycodes (type genus of subfamily), a commonly used suffix for Southern Hemisphere zoarcid genera
Pogonolycus elegans Norman 1937 fine or select, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to coloration: “Pale yellowish, with a broad brown lateral stripe, edged with darker brown, and a similar but interrupted band along the middle of the back, extending on to the dorsal fin, the three bands uniting on the upper surface of the head; a narrow brown vertical streak below the eye; anal and pectoral fins yellowish.”
Pogonolycus marinae (Lloris 1988) in honor of Lloris’ daughter Marina, on the occasion of her third birthday
Pyrolycus Machida & Hashimoto 2002 pyros, fire, referring to its habitat, a hydrothermal vent field; lykos, Greek for wolf, root of Lycodes (type genus of subfamily), a commonly used suffix for Southern Hemisphere zoarcid genera
Pyrolycus jaco Frable, Seid, Bronson & Møller 2023 named for the Jacó Scar site on the Pacific Costa Rica margin, type locality and only known area of occurrence; the site itself is named for the nearby coastal district of Jacó, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
Pyrolycus manusanus Machida & Hashimoto 2002 –anus, belonging to: Manus basin, Bismarck Sea off New Ireland, Papua New Guinea, type locality
Pyrolycus moelleri Anderson 2006 in honor of Peter Rask Møller, Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, for his contributions to eelpout systematics
Santelmoa Matallanas 2010 named after the Spanish ship San Telmo, lost at Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, Antarctica, on 2-4 September 1819, in honor of the 644 men who went down with the ship; “If somebody survived, they would be the first men in history to walk on Antarctic land”
Santelmoa antarctica Matallanas, Corbella & Møller 2012 Antarctic, referring to occurrence in the Bellingshausen Sea along the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula
Santelmoa carmenae Matallanas 2010 in honor of Carmen Benito, manager, Servei de Radiosòtops (Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain), for helping Matallanas with X-rays of Antarctic zoarcids
Santelmoa elvirae Matallanas 2011 in honor of Matallanas’ wife, Elvira
Santelmoa fusca Matallanas, Corbella & Møller 2012 dark, referring to medium- to dark-brown body color with dark vertical fins
Taranetzella Andriashev 1952 –ella, commemorative connoting endearment: in honor of the “outstanding” Soviet ichthyologist Anatoly Jakovlevich Taranetz (1910-1941), “who died during the defense of Moscow in the Great Patriotic War,” i.e., Eastern Front of WW2 (translation)
Taranetzella lyoderma Andriashev 1952 lyos, loose; derma, skin, allusion not explained but clearly referring to its thin, transparent and movable skin
Thermarces Rosenblatt & Cohen 1986 thermos, heat, referring to occurrence of T. andersoni and T. cerberus at hydrothermal vents; –arces, from Zoarces, type genus of family
Thermarces andersoni Rosenblatt & Cohen 1986 in honor of M. Eric Anderson, then of the California Academy of Sciences (now at the South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity), “student of zoarcids, who freely shared his knowledge with us”
Thermarces cerberus Rosenblatt & Cohen 1986 Cerberus, dog-like monster in Greek mythology that guards the gates of Hades, alluding to type locality at a deep-sea (2600 m) hydrothermal vent
Thermarces pelophilum Geistdoerfer 1999 pelos, mud; phileo, loving, referring to its capture over a mound of mud
Zestichthys Jordan & Hubbs 1925 zest, referring to how genus nearly “agrees fully” with Lycogramma zesta (now Bothrocara zestum); ichthys, fish
Zestichthys tanakae Jordan & Hubbs 1925 in honor of ichthyologist Shigeho Tanaka (1878-1974), Imperial University (Tokyo), who collected type [although named after a man, some classically trained zoologists latinized the names of individuals whose names ended with the letter “a” by adding an “e” to the spelling]
Subfamily LYCOZOARCINAE
Lycozoarces Popov 1935 presumably a combination Lycodes and Zoarces, possibly referring to its having features common to and/or intermediate between both genera (and subfamilies) [name first appeared as a nomen nudum in Popov 1933 with new species L. regani without qualifying as a combined description, so genus is unavailable from 1933; the species, however, is available since the genus does not have to be an available name per ICZN Article 11.9.3.1]
Lycozoarces regani Popov 1933 patronym not identified but almost certainly in honor of ichthyologist Charles Tate Regan (1878-1943), Natural History Museum (London), who described several Antarctic zoarcids in 1913 [see note for genus, which explains why authorship is not placed within parentheses even though genus dates from two years later]
Subfamily ZOARCINAE Eelpouts
Zoarces Cuvier 1829 viviparous (actually oviviparous), giving birth to live young
Zoarces americanus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) American, i.e., an American (western Atlantic) relative of the European Z. viviparus
Zoarces andriashevi Parin, Grigoryev & Karmovskaya 2005 in honor of the “outstanding” Russian ichthyologist Anatoly Petrovich Andriashev (1910-2009), the “leading specialist in systematics and the fauna of coldwater fish of the northern and southern hemisphere” (translation), on the occasion of his 95th birthday
Zoarces elongatus Kner 1868 elongate, referring to more elongate body than Z. viviparus
Zoarces fedorovi Chereshnev, Nazarkin & Chegodaeva 2007 in honor of Vladimir Vladimirovich Fedorov (1939-2011), Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, for his contributions to the study of fishes of the Russian Far East and, in particular, to the “elaboration” (translation) of the systematics of zoarcids
Zoarces gillii Jordan & Starks 1905 in honor of Smithsonian zoologist Theodore Gill (1837-1914), who proposed the subfamilies Lycodinae (1861) and Gymnelinae (1863)
Zoarces viviparus (Linnaeus 1758) giving birth to live young (actually oviviparous)
Subfamily GYMNELINAE Pouts
Andriashevia Fedorov & Neelov 1978 –ia, belonging to: Soviet ichthyologist Anatoly Petrovich Andriashev (1910-2009), for his many contributions to the knowledge of fishes from the Russian Far East, particularly zoarcids
Andriashevia aptera Fedorov & Neelov 1978 a-, without; ptera, fin, referring to its lack of pectoral and pelvic fins
Barbapellis Iglésias, Dettai & Ozouf-Costaz 2012 barba, beard; pellis, skin, referring to skin flaps situated all around the mouth
Barbapellis pterygalces Iglésias, Dettai & Ozouf-Costaz 2012 pterygion, diminutive of pteryx, fin; alces, moose, referring to its palmate pectoral fins, similar to the palmate antlers of a moose
Bilabria Schmidt 1936 bi-, two; labria, lipped, referring to double upper lip of B. ornate, composed of two separate folds attached in front to the skin of the snout
Bilabria gigantea Anderson & Imamura 2008 large, attaining the largest body size (408 mm TL) known for a gymneline eelpout
Bilabria ornata (Soldatov 1922) ornate or decorated, referring to many dark spots and markings (some of them H-shaped) on sides, and dark spots and markings on top of head, dorsal and anal fins, and base of pectoral fin
Davidijordania Popov 1931 –ia, belonging to: the “greatest” ichthyologist David Starr Jordan (1851-1931), for his many studies of the fishes of the Pacific Ocean
Davidijordania brachyrhynchus (Schmidt 1904) brachys, short; rhynchus, snout, referring to length of snout, ~⅔ diameter of eye
Davidijordania jordaniana Schmidt 1936 patronym not identified but clearly in honor of American ichthyologist David Starr Jordan (1851-1931), perhaps to match the generic name
Davidijordania lacertina (Pavlenko 1910) lizard-like, referring to its “lizard-shaped” (translation) head
Davidijordania poecilimon (Jordan & Fowler 1902) Greek for “in varied garb,” referring to its color pattern, with 11 H-shaped, deep-brown markings on sides extending to vertical fins, which lose their middle and upper connecting bars posteriorly, forming about eight deep-brown vertical bars
Davidijordania yabei Anderson & Imamura 2008 in honor of Mamoru Yabe (b. 1952), Hokkaido University, for his numerous contributions to the systematics of fishes of the North Pacific Ocean
Ericandersonia Shinohara & Sakurai 2006 –ia, belonging to: M. Eric Anderson, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, for his many zoarcid studies
Ericandersonia sagamia Shinohara & Sakurai 2006 –ia, belonging to: Sagami Bay, Japan, type locality and only known area of occurrence
Gymnelopsis Soldatov 1922 opsis, appearance, referring to similarity with Gymnelus
Gymnelopsis brashnikovi Soldatov 1922 in honor of “Mr. Brashnikov,” probably Vladimir Konstantinovich Bražnikov (or Braschnikow, 1870-1921), first Manager of Fisheries, Amur State Properties Board (Khabarovsk, Russia), who “obtained” type
Gymnelopsis brevifenestrata Anderson 1982 brevis, short; fenestra, small opening or hole, referring to very small gill slit
Gymnelopsis humilis Nazarkin & Chernova 2003 low, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to shallow, elongate body
Gymnelopsis japonica (Katayama 1943) Japanese, described from Moroyose, Hyogo-ken, Japan (but holotype now lost)
Gymnelopsis ocellata Soldatov 1922 with eye-like spots, referring to 3-7 ocelli on dorsal fin
Gymnelopsis ochotensis (Popov 1931) –ensis, suffix denoting place: Okhotsk Sea, western North Pacific, where it is endemic
Gymnelus Reinhardt 1834 gymnos, bare or naked; [ench]elys, eel, referring to scaleless, eel-like body of G. viridis
Gymnelus andersoni Chernova 1998 in honor of M. Eric Anderson, J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology (now South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity), for his “great input in what is known for the family Zoarcidae” (translation)
Gymnelus barsukovi Chernova 1999 in honor of the “well known” (translation) Russian ichthyologist and zoogeographer Vladimir Viktorovich Barsukov (1922-1989), author of over 100 publications, many of which deal with Arctic and Russian Far Eastern fishes
Gymnelus esipovi Chernova 1999 in honor of Vladimir Konstantinovich Esipov (1896-1942), “well-known” (translation) ichthyologist, geographer and Arctic explorer, for his many studies of Arctic fishes
Gymnelus hemifasciatus Andriashev 1937 hemi-, partial; fasciatus, banded, referring to 11-17 brown or dark-orange bands on body reaching anal fin anteriorly and transitioning to a checkered or indistinct pattern posteriorly; some males, however, have dark bands that extend ventrally to anal fin, and some females have half bands that do not extend below midbody)
Gymnelus knipowitschi Chernova 1999 in honor of Nikolai Mikhailovich Knipowitsch (1862-1939, often spelled Knipovich in English), Russian oceanographer and zoologist, whose work on the systematics of Arctic fishes, including those of the family Zoarcidae, “are still of great value” (translation)
Gymnelus pauciporus Anderson 1982 paucus, few; porus, pore, referring to fewer preoperculomandibular and postorbital pores than congeners, and absence of suborbital, interorbital and occipital pores
Gymnelus popovi (Taranetz & Andriashev 1935) in honor of Alexander Mikhailovich Popov (d. 1942), “our well known ichthyologist,” Hydrobiological Laboratory of Leningrad State University and the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences
Gymnelus pseudosquamatus Chernova & Møller 2021 pseudo-, false; squamatus, scaled, referring to small, light specks on body, which can easily be mistaken for scales
Gymnelus retrodorsalis Le Danois 1913 retro-, back; dorsalis, of the back, referring to posterior dorsal-fin origin (behind or touching vertical through posterior margin of pectoral fin)
Gymnelus taeniatus Chernova 1999 banded, referring to 16 wide bands on body extending onto dorsal fin; bands are Y-shaped on anterior body
Gymnelus viridis (Fabricius 1780) green, referring to body color (which is highly variable, ranging from brown to greenish-brown to a pale yellow-orange)
Hadropareia Schmidt 1904 hadros, strong or big; pareia, cheek, referring to enlarged musculature of cheek, forming a prominent bulge along margin of preopercle
Hadropareia middendorffii Schmidt 1904 in honor of Aleksander Fedorovich von Middendorff (1815-1894), “famous investigator” (translation) of east of Siberia, and the first scientist to visit the Shantarsky Islands (Okhotsk Sea) of Russia, type locality
Hadropareia semisquamata Andriashev & Matyushin 1989 semi-, half; squamata, scaled, referring to caudal region of body covered in barely perceptible scales
Krusensterniella Schmidt 1904 –ella, commemorative connoting endearment: in honor of Russian navigator and explorer Adam Johan von Krusenstern (1770-1846), who led the first Russian circumnavigation of the globe, and the first European to visit the type locality of K. notabilis (Bellingshausen Cape and Popov Cape, eastern Sakhalin Island, Russia, Okhotsk Sea)
Subgenus Krusensterniella
Krusensterniella infans Chernova 2022 Latin for baby or moppet, referring to holotype, a juvenile specimen
Krusensterniella kurilensis Chernova 2022 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: off the southern Kuril Islands, Northwest Pacific, type locality
Krusensterniella maculata Andriashev 1938 spotted, referring to row of small black spots along the midline of body from apex of branchial opening to the tail
Krusensterniella notabilis Schmidt 1904 remarkable or notable, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to lack of pelvic fins and/or presence of teeth on vomer and palatines, from which it sharply differs from Zoarces, or to presence of spinulose rays in terminal portion of the dorsal fin (Artem Prokofiev, pers. comm.); Schmidt called it an “interesting” (translation) fish but did not specifically mention what he found interesting about it
Krusensterniella pseudomaculata Chernova 2022 pseudo-, false, referring to its previous identification as K. maculata
Krusensterniella squamosa Chernova 2022 scaly, referring to well-developed scales on precaudal part of body (compared with pre-anal scales practically absent on K. notabilis)
Subgenus Schantarella Andriashev 1938 –ella, a diminutive, named after Shantar Islands (off northwestern shore of the Sea of Okhotsk), near type locality of K. multispinosa (Natalia Chernova, pers. comm.)
Krusensterniella multispinosa Soldatov 1922 multi-, many; spinosa, spined, referring to more dorsal-fin spines than K. notabilis
Krusensterniella pavlovskii Andriashev 1955 in honor of Soviet parasitologist Evgeny Nikanorovich Pavlovsky (1884-1965), chief of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg)
Magadanichthys Shinohara, Nazarkin & Chereshnev 2006 Magadan, Russia, near where Nagayeva Bay, northern coast of Sea of Okhotsk (type locality of M. skopetsi), is situated; ichthys, fish [replacement for Magadania, original genus, preoccupied in Lepidoptera]
Magadanichthys skopetsi (Shinohara, Nazarkin & Chereshnev 2004) in honor of Mikhail B. Skopets (b. 1954), Russian fisheries biologist, fly-fishing guide and freelance journalist, who collected type series
Melanostigma Günther 1881 melanos, black; stigma, mark or spot, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to black lining of mouth, gill openings and anus of M. gelatinosum
Melanostigma atlanticum Koefoed 1952 –icus, belonging to: described as an Atlantic counterpart to the Pacific M. pammelas
Melanostigma bathium Bussing 1965 from bathys, deep, referring to its collection in hauls between 1830-2650 m over bottoms of 2780-4445
Melanostigma bellingshauseni Orlovskaya & Balushkin 2020 in honor of Fabian Gottlieb Thaddeus von Bellingshausen (1778-1852), Russian circumnavigator who, along with Lazarev (see M. lazarevi) discovered the mainland of Antarctica in 1820
Melanostigma flaccidum Waite 1914 drooping, referring to its “extremely loose skin”
Melanostigma gelatinosum Günther 1881 jelly-like, its entire body “enveloped in a loose delicate skin”
Melanostigma inexpectatum Parin 1977 unexpected, referring to the unexpected occurrence of a heretofore antitropical genus in the Western Pacific
Melanostigma japonicum Balushkin 2019 Japanese, referring to coast of Japan (Tosa Bay), type locality, and to Japanese ichthyologists who have contributed to the study of the genus, and who helped Balushkin with the description of this species
Melanostigma kharini Balushkin & Moganova 2018 in honor of the authors’ colleague Vladimir Yemelyanovich Kharin (1957-2013), a “Russian zoologist-taxonomist who made a significant contribution to the study of the species richness and taxonomy of fish and sea snakes of the World Ocean” (translation)
Melanostigma lazarevi Orlovskaya & Balushkin 2020 in honor of the “famous” (translation) Russian naval navigator Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev (1788-1851); he and Bellingshausen (see M. bellingshauseni) discovered the Antarctica mainland in 1820
Melanostigma meteori Balushkin & Orlovskaya 2019 in honor of the German research vessel Meteor, from which Meteor Bank, southeastern Atlantic Ocean (type locality) was discovered in 1925; oceanographers aboard the vessel were “pioneers in measuring the depths in the South Atlantic” (translation)
Melanostigma olgae Balushkin & Moganova 2017 in honor of the authors’ colleague, Olga S. Voskoboinikova, Russian Academy of Sciences, for her “large contribution” (translation) to studies of Antarctic fishes
Melanostigma orientale Tominaga 1971 eastern, the first record of the genus from the Orient (described from Japan)
Melanostigma pammelas Gilbert 1896 pam-, all; melas, black, referring to “intense black of head and abdomen, brownish-black elsewhere”
Melanostigma thalassium Orlovskaya & Balushkin 2019 of the sea, “in order to draw attention to the species’ relation to the thalassium (nonshelf) biotope in the open ocean” (translation)
Melanostigma vitiazi Parin 1980 in honor of the research vessel Vitiaz (also spelled Vityaz), from which type was collected, and a “veteran of the expeditionary fleet of the Institute of Oceanology, USSR Academy of Sciences” (translation)
Nalbantichthys Schultz 1967 in honor of ichthyologist Theodor Nalbant (1933-2011), Institutul de Cercitari Piscicole (Bucharest, Romania), who sent two specimens to Schultz and allowed him to describe them; ichthys, fish
Nalbantichthys elongatus Schultz 1967 elongate, referring to “slender elongate scaleless body with loose skin”
Opaeophacus Bond & Stein 1984 opaeos, with a hole; phakos, lens, referring to vertical, slit-like pit extending halfway to center of lens of eye (filled with a soft, hyaline and gelatinous material)
Opaeophacus acrogeneius Bond & Stein 1984 from the Greek akrogeneios, with a prominent chin, referring to “Massively fleshed” lower jaw, slightly longer than upper jaw
Puzanovia Fedorov 1975 –ia, belonging to: Soviet zoologist Ivan I. Puzanov (1885-1971), “of whom the author considers himself a student” (translation)
Puzanovia rubra Fedorov 1975 red, referring to its pinkish-orange coloration
Puzanovia virgata Fedorov 1982 made of twigs but can also mean striped, referring to its “characters of coloration” (translation)
Seleniolycus Anderson 1988 selenaios, moonlight, referring to uniformly yellowish white body color of S. laevifasciatus; lykos, Greek for wolf, root of Lycodes (type genus of subfamily), a commonly used suffix for Southern Hemisphere zoarcid genera
Seleniolycus laevifasciatus (Torno, Tomo & Marschoff 1977) laevis, smooth; fasciatus, banded, but in this case probably meaning swathed, allusion not explained, possibly referring to body swathed or wrapped by a scaleless, gelatinous skin
Seleniolycus pectoralis Møller & Stewart 2006 pectoral, referring to pectoral-fin morphology, with ventral rays thickened and exserted, a unique character in the genus
Seleniolycus robertsi Møller & Stewart 2006 in honor of Clive Roberts, Curator of Fishes, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, for his “valuable” contribution to the Biosystematics of Ross Sea fishes project at Te Papa